Each country will have to face the crucial effects of sea level rise. Any country in the world cannot overcome this problem overnight. So, global communities are paying their attention to minimize the impacts of sea level rise by two options, mitigation and adaptation.
Sea level rise adaptation can be addressed by changes in policies that lessen pressure on resources, improve management of environmental risks, and enhance adaptive capacity. As most of the population of the coastal communities of a developing country is fishermen and farmers, the adaptation options should be emphasized on these two sectors to overcome anticipated issues. The investment should be used for disaster preparation activities, special weather forecasting and research for the coastal communities. The fishermen should be updated about the disaster and their duties to minimize the potential loss by the event. A disaster calendar should be prepared for the community, so that they can have a safe plan for fish farming. A disaster calendar that considers disaster intense time, disaster prone zone and salinity will help the fisher community to have a safe production and also safe harvest. Participatory communities fund is another option that will hence the fishermen’s capacities. The concept of micro-savings can be used for the participatory community fund in the area. Effect research can find out salinity tolerant species for the coastal fisheries sector. Species selection should be done for low, moderate and high saline environment for proper breeding, cultivation and harvesting. For example, cage cultivation can be introduced in coastal areas. Penaeus monodon is very sensitive to salinity and its required salinity for maximum growth is 15-25 ppt. On the other hand, Indian White Shrimp (P. indicus) (upto 42 ppt) and White Shrimp (P. vannamei) (0.5-45 ppt) are more flexible in terms of salinity tolerance. Also, exotic species cultivation should be initiated more due to sea level rise. Salinity tolerant species like Al. lebbek can be introduced in agriculture. Again, money invested in fisheries sector can be used for artificial mangrove forestation. Mangroves provide breeding ground for shrimp, increasing the number of natural shrimp larvae. The species Heritiera fomes, Sonnarata apetate and Avicenia officinalis are sensitive for mangrove afforestation in the coastal zone. Combined harvest in the polyculture pond with tiger shrimp, milkfish (Chanos chanos) and mullet (Mugil Chephalus) is higher than that of the highest producing monoculture shrimp pond. By practicing pearl culture, people can earn money by selling surplus products, which can be used to adapt with other sea level rise impacts.
Tourism infrastructures should be protected by polder and where polder constructor is not feasible from environment point of view, it should be relocated. Existing salt mills that are close to the coastline should be relocated towards landward parts of the country. People should be motivated and trained to do area specific business, suitable for the areas. Coastal people should be provided with small scale soft loans interest rate to operate their specific livelihood activities. Coastal people should be motivated to detect the presence of germs of Cholera diseases. They should be trained to make oral saline at home, simply using salt, sugar and clean water. For clean water, one option may be filtration, using indigenous knowledge. Filtration process is very easy to develop and people can make it using sand and soil made pitcher and charcol.
There is a renowned proverb in medical science that ‘Prevention is better than cure’. Emission control is the prevention of climate change and sea level rise. IPCC indicates the main green house gas emission reduction measures which are- demand reduction and/or efficiency improvement, substitution among fossil fuels, switch to nuclear energy, switch to biomass, switch to other renewable, CO2 scrubbing and removal and afforestation. Excessive population growth diffuses the fruits of developing over increasing numbers instead of improving living standards in many developing countries. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) driven motor vehicles should be introduces allover the country to minimize greenhouse gas emission. Favorable natural condition like sufficient sunshine and wind-speed exist for promotion of renewable energy in the country. An extensive afforestation programme in the coastal zone will increase the forest cover and act as carbon sink. Mangrove plantation in the zone will be good mean of coastal protection against cyclones, storm surges and soil erosion.
Sea level rise adaptation can be addressed by changes in policies that lessen pressure on resources, improve management of environmental risks, and enhance adaptive capacity. As most of the population of the coastal communities of a developing country is fishermen and farmers, the adaptation options should be emphasized on these two sectors to overcome anticipated issues. The investment should be used for disaster preparation activities, special weather forecasting and research for the coastal communities. The fishermen should be updated about the disaster and their duties to minimize the potential loss by the event. A disaster calendar should be prepared for the community, so that they can have a safe plan for fish farming. A disaster calendar that considers disaster intense time, disaster prone zone and salinity will help the fisher community to have a safe production and also safe harvest. Participatory communities fund is another option that will hence the fishermen’s capacities. The concept of micro-savings can be used for the participatory community fund in the area. Effect research can find out salinity tolerant species for the coastal fisheries sector. Species selection should be done for low, moderate and high saline environment for proper breeding, cultivation and harvesting. For example, cage cultivation can be introduced in coastal areas. Penaeus monodon is very sensitive to salinity and its required salinity for maximum growth is 15-25 ppt. On the other hand, Indian White Shrimp (P. indicus) (upto 42 ppt) and White Shrimp (P. vannamei) (0.5-45 ppt) are more flexible in terms of salinity tolerance. Also, exotic species cultivation should be initiated more due to sea level rise. Salinity tolerant species like Al. lebbek can be introduced in agriculture. Again, money invested in fisheries sector can be used for artificial mangrove forestation. Mangroves provide breeding ground for shrimp, increasing the number of natural shrimp larvae. The species Heritiera fomes, Sonnarata apetate and Avicenia officinalis are sensitive for mangrove afforestation in the coastal zone. Combined harvest in the polyculture pond with tiger shrimp, milkfish (Chanos chanos) and mullet (Mugil Chephalus) is higher than that of the highest producing monoculture shrimp pond. By practicing pearl culture, people can earn money by selling surplus products, which can be used to adapt with other sea level rise impacts.
Tourism infrastructures should be protected by polder and where polder constructor is not feasible from environment point of view, it should be relocated. Existing salt mills that are close to the coastline should be relocated towards landward parts of the country. People should be motivated and trained to do area specific business, suitable for the areas. Coastal people should be provided with small scale soft loans interest rate to operate their specific livelihood activities. Coastal people should be motivated to detect the presence of germs of Cholera diseases. They should be trained to make oral saline at home, simply using salt, sugar and clean water. For clean water, one option may be filtration, using indigenous knowledge. Filtration process is very easy to develop and people can make it using sand and soil made pitcher and charcol.
There is a renowned proverb in medical science that ‘Prevention is better than cure’. Emission control is the prevention of climate change and sea level rise. IPCC indicates the main green house gas emission reduction measures which are- demand reduction and/or efficiency improvement, substitution among fossil fuels, switch to nuclear energy, switch to biomass, switch to other renewable, CO2 scrubbing and removal and afforestation. Excessive population growth diffuses the fruits of developing over increasing numbers instead of improving living standards in many developing countries. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) driven motor vehicles should be introduces allover the country to minimize greenhouse gas emission. Favorable natural condition like sufficient sunshine and wind-speed exist for promotion of renewable energy in the country. An extensive afforestation programme in the coastal zone will increase the forest cover and act as carbon sink. Mangrove plantation in the zone will be good mean of coastal protection against cyclones, storm surges and soil erosion.
